HISTORY OF ERIE COUNTY OHIOBy Aldrich Lewis Cass
Published 1889
HISTORY OF City of Sandusky
CHAPTER XX. Continueing with page 340
The grammar schools comprised a four years course in the work already begun in the other two grades, and fitted the classes to enter the high school. Messrs. W. H. Nye, L. E. Walker, G. C. Woollard, J. Chandler, M. H. Lewis and W. H. Rayl, and Misses Helen Follett, F. B. Stone, L. A. McElwain, E. W. Jackson, L. Perry, E. Hutchinson, E. Moore and S. J. Moore (the latter still in the work) were very successful as principals in the grammar schools between the years 1850 and 1887. The high school was established in 1845, by 1847 Latin, French, physiology, chemistry, astronomy and algebra had been added to the course. The high school was then an experiment, but to use the language of a recent educator, it is at this time no longer an experiment, but a mansard roof on the public school system. In 1848 it was decided that the English branches (whatever they may be), should alone be taught, and this action excluded French and Latin from the schools up to i860, when on petition of R. B. Hubbard and others Latin and Greek were introduced. A sort of compromise was effected that gives pupils a chance to graduate in an English course in three years, or to take a full course in four years, thus making the complete school course, as at the present time, cover twelve years.
Mr. S. S. Colton, principal of the high school from 1852 to 1867, with his assistant. Miss A. A. Breck and others, is credited with school on a permanent basis by means of the popularity secured through conducting it so successfully. The present high school building was erected at the close of his administration at a cost of $92,033.88.
Volumes I and II of the Gleaner, a monthly magazine edited under the auspices of the high school and superintendent, lies before us as we write. Considerable matter contained therein is worthy of special mention, if not of reprduction, did our space permit, but we must be content for the present with limited notice of its general characteristics.
Mr. Cowdery is nominal editor, but for some time this work seems to have devolved upon the brighter members of the high school class.
About this time contributions of books and curiosities were commenced for the benefit of the schools, and the June number of 1850 contains a list of such contributions as do other numbers later in the year. Misses Martha Hastings and Henrietta T. Day are the editors of this number, which is the first one printed, and establishes the following terms: Single copies five months, fifteen cents; three copies, forty cents; five copies, sixty two and one half cents (not stating who shall make the change); ten copies, $1.10; twenty copies, $2.00 cash always in advance. The editors began this publication with over 311 paid subscriptions, and the money thus received was deposited in the bank subject to the draft of the publishers as they complied with the terms of the contract made with the editor-in-chief The paper was to be stopped promptly as the advance money of individual subscribers ran out; but its editors hoped to continue the publication on and on into the inscrutable future as they said, making it a record of the knowledge, the improvements and virtues of the young minds arounds us. While happy to exchange with all school papers, they were determined to pay and receive the difference between their publication rates and those of their exchanges. In short, they enjoyed a happy state of absolute independence seldom attained by newspaper publishers in this part of the world.
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An inquirer discusses the question on an inside page “ Do worms fall from the clouds?” leaning strongly to the opinion that they do not, and criticising some contemporary who has evidently maintained the opposite opinion in a number published while the paper was published in manuscript form.
Another item informs certain lads in our town that it isn’t polite, when invited to a party, to drink lemonade enough to run a saw mill three months in the year, and eat cake and candy enough to stock two confectionery shops. This number also contains a poem by Leonora, on the burning of the steamer Griffith on Lake Erie, with three hundred souls on board. Number two, published in October, 1850, takes up the subject of punctuality in the schools, and discloses what at the present time would be regarded as next door to anarchy by our teachers and the patrons of the public schools. Seventy one exceptions are noted in the High School in four weeks. The First Grammar School has 293 cases, the Second 193, West Market 66, West Liberties 156, West Prairie 44, East Prairie 85, total 908. The total enrollment at this time was less than 800, so the little ones must have been absent or tardy more than once around, or some of them were kept pretty busy to bring the delinquency up to these imposing proportions.
Later issues of this paper contain letters and statistics from Milan, Norwalk and other towns. A correspondent from Norwalk glories in the fact that they have (1851) a four room school building located on what is to be the principal, street when a certain railroad is completed. Mechanic street it is called, and the information is also furnished that Prof De Wolf, since school commissioner, I was principal at that time in Norwalk.
Their High School course was much like Sandusky’s, but our correspondent informs us that in the secondary school they study young studies, such as mental arithmetic, geography, reading, writing and spelling, while the primary scholars he says study “Infant studies, such as the A B C’s, Ab’s, etc.”; The correspondent is evidently a pupil, as he goes over the rules of the school with the remark that they are all “I can think of, or at least, all I care to remember.” Among those enumerated are no whispering, and pupils must fold their hands during opening prayers.
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A correspondent writing from St. Louis tells of his trip there via Chicago; from the latter city they went by canal boat to La Salle, and he tells how on the way their toiv boat passed a steam canal boat going in the same direction at its best speed, all enjoying the exciting race. From La Salle they took the steamer Prairie Bird, which he says flew over the water, giving them scarcely time to behold the beautiful scenery as they passed.
Volume I, No. 1, of this interesting and valuable little paper is edited by Misses Martha Hastings and Henrietta T. Day; No. 2, by Messrs. Wm. Tilden and Isaac Mills; No. 3, by Misses Mariette Larwell and Emma L. Coan; No. 4, by Messrs. D. Lampman and L. W. Alvord; No. 5, by Misses Lrances Jennings and Sarah Root. Volume II, No. 1, is the work of Superintendent Cowdery and contributors, as are the other numbers of this volume; most of them contain communications from the schools of surrounding towns. Number 2 contains an announcement of the Huron and Erie County Teachers’ Association to be held at Milan on the first Saturday in June, 1851; all interested in education are invited, and it intimated that teachers who care for professional standing had better attend, also that the number attending will determine whether they meet at Milan again.
Mr. Cowdery was about this time connected with the editorial staff of the Ohio Journal of Education. A report in this paper for 1852, places the city fifth in population and sixth in school enrollment; Cincinnati, Cleveland, Columbus and Dayton being larger, and Lancaster, though but one third as large having a greater number of pupils enrolled, — probably outsiders mostly.
Sandusky’s population at that time was 10,000, and her schools enrolled 1,011 pupils. The library was valued at $625. Three male and nineteen female teachers were employed, the former at an average salary of $700, and the latter $180. The school tax was four mills, which taking into account the purchasing power of money was nearly double that of the present time. By an article furnished this journal in 1854, we find that in the primary schools of the city ten minutes were given to religious exercises, ten to moral lessons and ten to physical exercises each morning.
Professor U. T. Curran, a man of energy, professional spirit and marked ability, in 1872 succeeded Mr. C. R. Dean, who had followed Mr. Cowdery in 1871. His administration of eight years was marked by numerous improvements in the previous excellent management of the schools. The fourth ward building was erected in 1872, costing about $15,000. Drawing and music were embodied in the course during the same year. In 1873 the schools were regraded on substantially the same basis as the present. In 1874 the present board room in the high school building was fitted up; the fifth (now sixth) ward building was erected at a cost of $22,778. A training school for young teachers was also established. Mr. Curran left the schools in 1880 for the more lucrative legal profession, and his withdrawal from school work has been, and is, regretted by many friends both in and out of the profession.
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In the fall of 1880 Dr. Alston Ellis was elected superintendent of schools, and held the position until 1887, when he resigned to accept a position in Hamilton, O., where he had served for eight years previous to his election in Sandusky. Like Messrs. Cowdery and Curran, he was an active educational worker outside the school room, and on his retirement was presented with a memento in the shape of a valuable pin, by the Erie County Teachers’ Association, of which he was an ever active and brilliant member. In 1887-8 he was appointed a State school examiner, elected president of the Ohio State Teachers’ Association, tendered degrees by an Ohio college, and received many other tokens of the high esteem in which he is held by Ohio educators. During his administration at Sandusky many improvements were made in the school system; a remarkably fine discipline was maintained, the cases of absence and tardiness were reduced to a minimum, and the Campbell school building was erected in 1885-6 at a cost of about $30,000. Notwithstanding the fact that this building cost but one third as much, many consider it much finer in architectural beauty and finish than the high school. The Campbell street building, like the sixth ward building, was erected by Sandusky builders: V. Kerber built the latter, and Adam Feick & Brother, the former. Dr. H. A. Balcam, of New York, but more recently superintendent of the Fostoria College, succeeded Dr.Ellis in the schools, and is conducting them at the present time on nearly the same general plan, but there are indications of changes in some directions at least. Dr. Balcam is a man of wide experience in school work, and his efforts will be supplemented by his cultured wife, who is a lady of rare elocutionary abilities.
Wm. H. Rayl, for over twenty years principal of the grammar schools, resigned at the same time with Dr. Ellis. His place was filled by Miss M. J. Healy, for many years a successful teacher in our city.
The present public schools employ sixty-two teachers, of whom five are specially employed to teach German, for which purpose a room has been assigned in each of the five large buildings.
The principals are: High school. Miss Emma Paddock; A, grammar. Miss M. J. Healy; fourth ward, Mrs. M. C. Dewey; fifth (sixth) ward, Mr. A. A. Bartow; eighth (Campbell street). Miss E. A. Cassidy; first (tenth) ward, Miss M. E. Ferguson; Washington, Mrs. Mary N. Clarke; East Market, Miss C. Polley; West Market, Miss Fannie Loomis; Huron Park, Mrs. M. E. Forster.
There are nine buildings in the city, the A grammar and high schools both being in the Central building. The present complete school system embraces twelve D primaries, enrolling 563 pupils; eleven C primaries enrolling 443 ; eight B primaries with 419 ; seven A primaries with 320. There are six D grammar classes with 310 pupils; four C grammars with 203; three B grammars with 145; two A grammars with 100, and four high school grades with 145 pupils enrolled. The complete school course covers twelve years, beginning with the D primary and taking the course followed above in enumerating the grades. The complete course includes instruction in reading, spelling, writing, drawing, geography, grammar, arithmetic, physiology, German, Latin, rhetoric, English and American literature, natural philosophy, science of government, botany. United States and general history, algebra, geometry, astronomy and composition. Of course with the present efficient corps of teachers, there is much intellectual and moral culture secured to the pupils in all parts of the course.
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The graduates are quite generally well prepared to enter on the active duties of life or complete their studies in higher educational institutions. Platt R. Spencer was in 1856 connected with our schools as teacher of penmanship; he was succeeded by Mr. J. Hornbeck, and he by L. S. Thompson. From time to time other special teachers of music, drawing, etc., have been employed, but at present the only special teachers are those of German. They are Mr. Charles VVommelsdorf, and Misses Herckener, Kate Seitz, Marie C. Weier, and Sophie Kiefer.
There was at one time a separate school for colored pupils in the city, under the control of three directors of their own race, but it was done away with during Mr. Cowdery’s administration.
Sandusky City Business College — Among the educational institutions of the city, the Sandusky City Business College, organized in 1887 by R. L. Meredith and R. B. Harris, is worthy of special notice. Though a comparatively new enterprise, it has an enrollment of nearly a hundred. As its name implies, pupils are thoroughly fitted for business. A teacher’s training department is also conducted in connection with this institution of learning. This department has been eminently successful thus far, and the reputation of its managers is a guarantee of future prosperity.
PAROCHIAL SCHOOLS.
The city receives State funds for all the children of school age, and collects taxes from all citizens alike. It is a fact that nearly one-third of these pupils however, receive their education from private schools supported by the Catholic churches. If other congregations should take the same course, what a reduction in taxes would be necessary to keep down the surplus.
SCHOOLS OF ST. MARY’S CONGREGATION (GERMAN).
Since the year 1855 this congregation has supported a parochial school. With the increase of population it became necessary to erect buildings, and in 1863, under the pastorate of Rev. N. Moes, a stone building with four spacious rooms, was built on the lot at the corner of Decatur and Jefferson streets, fronting on the latter street. In 1887 a similar structure was erected at a cost of $6,000, all paid by the congregation. This building fronts on Decatur street, and is quite tastily designed. During the past ten years the attendance at these schools has ranged from five hundred and seventy five to six hundred and fifty pupils. The highest class of boys is taught by Joseph Gerhardstein. The remaining pupils are taught by seven “Ladies of the Sacred Heart” from Cleveland, and one lay teacher.
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The children from six to fourteen learn besides their religious instruction in the catechism and Bible history, English and German reading, writing and composition, United States history, geography, arithmetic, and music. At the option of the parents they are taught bookkeeping, algebra, and geometry, and the girls needlework. All these schools are under the immediate direction of Rev. Moes. the pastor, the general direction of a board of school directors for the whole diocese of Cleveland, and a special board of examiners for various districts. Rev. N. Moes, of St. Mary’s church, is president of the board for the district in which Sandusky belongs.
These schools put a yearly burden of $3,000 on the congregation which supports them. They rank high among Sandusky educational institutions.
SAINTS PETER AND PAUL’S CHURCH SCHOOLS,
Under the charge of Rev. Father Sidley, owns a large lot on the corner of Jackson and Jefferson streets, where are located a three room brick building, costing about $2,000, and a stone building worth in the neighborhood of $4,000. The former is for girls, and has an attendance of about 200; the latter for boys, and has not far from 125 in attendance on the average. These schools are under the superintendency of Rev. Sidley, and are conducted by the “Ladies of the Sacred Heart,” by whom the girls are taught. The boys are instructed by lay teachers. The schools are kept open during ten months of the year. The age of pupils range from seven to thirteen years.
Semi annual promotions are made. These schools were established in 1856, and have been conducted since that time by the ladies of the order mentioned above, with marked success, graduating many bright scholars. Miss H. Fitzgerald has acted as principal for twenty three years past, and is still at her post of duty with excellent prospects for the future.
THE HOLY ANGELS CHURCH, LOCATED ON TIFFIN AVENUE,
Has a fine, little two-story brick school building on Jefferson street near Tiffin avenue. About one hundred children are in attendance at present, though there are accommodations for nearly twice that number
This school is under the supervision of Rev. Father Tracy, the pastor of the church, and is taught by lay teachers Misses McGushen and O’Donnell. The course of study is similar in this school to that of the grammar department of the public schools.
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CHURCHES OF SANDUSKY.
Wayne Street Baptist Church, west side of Wayne, between Adams and Washington, Rev. Granger W. Smith, pastor. As early as 1838, Rev. S. B. Webster, of Monroeville, made an unsuccessful effort to gather together all the ^Baptists living in Sandusky, and organize them into a church of that denomination. After his attempt seven years passed before such an organization was actually made. There is no record, however, that it existed longer than three or four years. It died during the cholera plague of 1848 and 1849. Its only pastor was Rev. R. W. Henderson. Of its members, one is a member of the Baptist Church now in existence, i. e., Mrs. Lewis Benjamin.
The Wayne street Baptist Church was organized in 1854, by Rev. L. Raymond, and the succeeding pastors, were Rev. J. D. Fulton, D.D., 1855-1859; Rev. William Cormac, 1859—1860; Rev. Edward Jones, 1865-1867 ; Rev. C. H. DeWolf, 1867— 1868; Rev. E. P. Roberts, 1876-1878 ; Rev. James Samis, 1879; Rev. C. W. Palmer, 1879-1881, and Rev. Granger W. Smith, 1881. Two men have served no stated supply, Rev. L. Bailey, 1862, and Rev. C. Havens, 1875. Previous to the present the longest pastorate was that of Dr. Fulton. He was with the church nearly three and one-half years, during which time quite a large number were received into its membership, although but little was added to its permanent strength.
The church was organized, and for a short time worshiped in what was known as Campbell’s Hall, on Water street. Early in 1855, however, the church purchased of the Wesleyan Methodists their house of worship, situated upon the northwest corner of the Court House square. At that time only the basement of the house was finished, but the year following, under the leadership of Dr. Fulton, the church finished and furnished the room above. To accomplish this, a debt was incurred, which became so burdensome that in 1862 they exchanged buildings with the German Lutheran, thus coming into possession of their present meeting house on Wayne street. In 1880 the church decided to enlarge its house of worship, but the city council having raised a question as to the legal rights of its ownership of the land upon which it stands, the matter was necessarily and indefinitely postponed. The final decision of the court was not rendered until November, 1887, by which the right to the property was confirmed and given all that it had claimed.
During the history of this church, extending over a period of thirty years, there have been three hundred and thirty-nine members. Of this number one hundred and eighty one were received upon profession of faith and baptism. Two of those first baptized are still members of the church, Mrs. John Kelham and Mrs. Thomas Browning. The following brethren have served the church as deacons: H. B. Green, J. E. Norcross, A. H. Gale, Thomas Browning, John Kelham, Edward Corbett, A. D. Kinney, J. S. Chandler and Daniel G. Olds. William Marshall served the church as clerk, for more than sixteen years. The present clerk has held the office for ten years. The church has had but two treasurers, A. H. Gale from 1854 to 1867, and Thomas Browning from 1867 to the present time. The following persons have been members of the church for a quarter of a century or more, viz.: Mrs. Louisa Benjamin, Mrs. E. Kelham, Deacon Thomas Browning, Mrs. T. Browning, Mrs. Wm. Marshall, A. Williams, Mrs. A. Williams, Mrs. C. Clemens, Harvey Warren, Mrs. Harvey Warren, Mrs. Elizabeth Sulton, Mrs. M. A. Owen, Mrs. Neil Moore, Mrs. F. Francisco, Mrs. J. W. Upp, and Mrs. Helen Stanley.
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The pastorate of the present pastor. Rev. Granger W. Smith, began October I, 1881. Present deacons are: Thomas Browning, J. S. Chandler; D. G. Olds, clerk; secretary and treasurer of benevolent fund, Charles L. Polley; treasurer, Thomas Browning; corresponding secretary, J. S. Chandler; trustees: Thomas Browning, J. S. Chandler, D. G. Olds, William Kelham, C. Benjamin.
From its first organization this church has taken a very positive position on the questions of slavery and intemperance, and this at a time when it meant more than it now does. In its church covenant is included a total abstinence pledge, and it holds its position firmly on this basis today. The church is now healthy and vigorous and hopeful of a successful and bright future.
It would not be fitting in this brief history of Sandusky’s first Baptist Church, to omit an allusion’ to one of its former pastors. Dr. Fulton, who has since earned for himself a wide reputation as an avowed opposer of Romanism. After a settlement in other cities, and a charge in Boston and Brooklyn, he has at last abandoned the pulpit to give himself entirely to the work of opposing this evil that menaces American institutions.
Zion Baptist Church {colored), west side of Decatur, between Washington and Adams. In the year 1856 Elder Norman Campbell organized this church with only seven members, viz., William Hamilton, E. P. Reynolds, J. Reynolds, Mrs. M. French, Mrs. Harper, Mrs. Susan Jones, Mrs. Hamilton. Trustees, E. P. Reynolds, J. Reynolds and William Hamilton. Deacons, E. P. Reynolds and William Hamilton.
Elder Campbell took charge of the church and remained its pastor for three years. During that time the church increased in membership, and in March the following year a revival was held that resulted in the accession of thirty new members. Among the number was Nathaniel Jones.
In the spring of 1857 a building was purchased and partially paid for through the agency of Elder Campbell, who was appointed to collect funds for that purpose. In the fall of 1859 he left and was succeeded by Elder H. H. Hamilton, who became pastor and labored here during 1859. In that year the society was incorporated, and the following persons chosen trustees: Nathaniel Jones, Laurence Johnson and E. P. Reynolds.
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During the year 1860 the members made a great effort to pay off the debt still remaining on the lot, but notwithstanding all their exertions they did not succeed, and Nathaniel Jones met the difficulty by mortgaging his own house and lot, for means to pay the debt. About this time William Hamilton, one of the principal deacons died, praying that the debt might be removed. There was no regular pastor at that time, but in the autumn of 1861 Elder Dardes took charge of the church as pastor but failed to add to the church financial or spiritual power.
In 1862 they called Elder Bowser to be pastor. In 1863 there was a division of the church caused by E P. Reynolds, and as it could not be satisfactorily adjusted by the church itself, it was referred to the association, and it recommended that two sister churches be called in to settle the matter. Churches of Columbus and Urbana were selected, and the matter settled by a committee of three — Elder Poindexter and Mr. John Cooper of Columbus, and Brother Chaffee of Urbana. Soon after this E. P. Reynolds left the city taking with him the church books and papers. Elder Bowser continued to serve as pastor a year, and then for two or three years the pulpit was supplied by different ministers until about 1865, when James Shoecroft was called to be the pastor, and filled that office for two years, during which time twenty five members were added to the church. He was succeeded by D. B. Huston, who remained in charge for four years. Elder McViney succeeded him and remained two years. During his pastorate the church was greatly blessed in a large accession of members, twenty two being added in the two years. L. Burley followed him and remained one year, and he was succeeded by Elder P. Williams, who filled the pulpit for six months, when it was again occupied by Mr. Viney for six months. This was about one year ago and during the interregnum there has been no settled pastor. Brother W. Shelton from Cincinnati has supplied the pulpit as missionary for about five months. The present membership of the church is forty nine. Present trustees are Harrison Bartlett, Harrison Washington and Nathaniel Jones. Deacons; Harrison Washington, Nathaniel Jones, Moses Washington, Moses Thompson.
Church of the Holy Angels, corner of Jefferson street and Tiffin avenue, Rev. John Tracy, pastor. Half a century ago, in Northern Ohio there were but few Catholic Churches, and these were widely separated. There are those still living who relate the difficulties they met in trying to attend the first meeting called in Sandusky for the purpose of establishing a church. After walking from Bellevue, they reached Sandusky in time to see the people dispersing. Rev. P. Machebeuf had taken steps to bring about the desired result, and the meeting was held in a vacant store room which now forms a part of Mr. Kunzman’s carriage shop, on Water street.
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That year the walls were partly built, and during the next year they were completed. But the roof was not put on until the year following, and the unfinished building was at once occupied by the waiting congregation. At this time there was nothing within but bare walls and uncouth plank seats. This was in 1843.
It was a bold enterprise for a man to undertake in those 'days, when men had nothing to give toward it but their labor; Father Machebeuf found it no easy thing to carry out his design, and after exhausting all the resources within their reach he was forced to see the work stop and wait for new strength. At this time he was called to leave Sandusky and go to France on business of a private character, and decided to make this an occasion for raising funds to carry on the building he had begun. During his absence. Rev. Father Rappe, then of Toledo, but since bishop of Cleveland, took charge of the congregation in Sandusky.
There has been much fault found with these early fathers. It has since been thought by some to have been a lamentable mistake that this church should have been built so far from the center of the city; but it must be remembered that the few scattered Catholics of that time were poor, and when Mr. W. H. Mills offered four or five lots for a site for a church on a leading avenue, with several acres at a short distance for a cemetery, it was but too gladly accepted. At that time the growth of the town was westward. The Mad River railroad was just opened, with its shops at that end of the town, and the congregation was desirous of securing land enough for a school and priest’s residence, for which the amount given was more than sufficient. The reverend gentlemen had but few such offers, and the generosity of the donor was the more marked because prejudices at that time were strong and bitter. What was afterward deemed a mistake has been blessed with abundant increase, having proved the nucleus from which two large and flourishing congregations have been formed, viz.: St. Mary’s, and St. Peter and Paul.
When Father Machebeuf returned from his foreign trip, the work was at once resumed and completed. Its consecration followed immediately by Rev. Bishop Purcel.
Scarcely had it been finished before it was found too small for its rapidly increasing congregation. It was forty by sixty, with an octagonal niche at the west end of twenty feet. This formed a recess for the altar, but failed to furnish sufficient room for its worshipers. Two wings were added. It was still too small, but the German-speaking portion of the congregation finally withdrew and built a church for themselves.
Rev. Father Machebeuf in the meantime continued to provide for the accommodation of his ever increasing flock, and at one time occupied and held services in a large building on Wayne street, now occupied by Mr. C. Cook. This accommodated those who lived in the eastern portion of the town.
About the year 1850 Father Machebeuf was called upon to leave for other fields of duty in the far West, and although his congregation were greatly attached to him he was called upon to leave the church for which he had so faithfully labored. Success followed him to his new field of labor. He is now known as the first bishop of Denver. He was succeeded by Father Conlan in 1851, who saw that something must be done at once for the welfare of the church of the future in Sandusky. A more central location was looked for, and lots purchased on the corner of Jackson and Jefferson streets, at a cost of $2,000. On one of these it was decided to build a school house at once, and in 1852 the large brick school house, now used chiefly for girls, and also as a dwelling for the Sisters was built at a cost of $7,000 by Father Conlan. This resulted in a debt of $10,000, which, in those times, was a heavy burden, but under the faithful work of Rev. Felix M. Boff, who succeeded Father Conlan, this was greatly reduced and the troubles were tided over.
Footnotes: Surnames printed in Bold Print; | Photograph Source: Google Images---Erie County Childrens Home, Sycamore Line, Sandusky, Ohio.